ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives: Determine immunohistochemical expression of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Cycloxygenase-2 (COX2) and one proliferation marker (Ki67) in colorectal polyps and correlate with clinical and pathological data in search of carcinogenic pathways. Methods: The reports of 297 polyps diagnosed through endoscopy were reviewed for parameters including age, gender, prior colorectal cancer, the presence of multiple polyps, and polyps' location, appearance and size. Was conducted a microscopic morphometric computerized analysis of immunohistochemical expression using, the selected antibodies and correlated with clinical and pathological variables. Results: The tissue immunohistochemical expression was higher in right colon polyps for the proliferation marker and Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (p ≤ 0.0001 and 0.057 respectively). Cycloxygenase-2 and Phosphatase and tensin homolog demonstrated higher tissue immunoexpression in pedunculated polyps (p = 0.009 and 0.002 respectively). Cycloxygenase-2 exhibited higher immunoexpression in larger polyps (p = 0.005). Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, Cycloxygenase-2, Phosphatase and tensin homolog and the proliferation marker exhibited higher immunoexpression in high-grade dysplastic polyps (p = 0.031, 0.013, 0.044 and <0.001 respectively). Phosphatase and tensin homolog labeling was higher in polyps with high-grade dysplasia and lower in some of serrated lesions (p = 0.044). Conclusions: The greater expression of the proliferation marker and Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase in the right colon may be related to right-sided colorectal carcinogenesis. The proliferation marker, Cycloxygenase-2 and Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase results can be associated with progression of polyps to colorectal cancer. The higher Phosphatase and tensin homolog expression suggests its attempt to control the cell cycle.
RESUMO Objetivos: Determinar a expressão imuno-histoquímica de Fosfatase homóloga a tensina (PTEN), Fosfatidilinositol-3-cinase (PI3K), Ciclooxigenase-2 (COX2) e um marcador de proliferação (Ki67) em pólipos colorretais e correlacionar com dados clínicos e patológicos buscando sua correspondência na carcinogênese. Métodos: Revisados 297 pólipos diagnosticados através de endoscopia quanto a idade, gênero, história de câncer colorretal, número, localização, aparência e tamanho dos pólipos. Realizadas as avaliações morfométricas computadorizadas das expressões imuno-histoquímicas dos marcadores selecionados, que foram correlacionadas com variáveis clínicas e patológicas. Resultados: A expressão do marcador de proliferação e da Fosfatidilinositol-3-cinase foi maior nos pólipos do cólon direito (p = <0,0001 e 0.057 respectivamente). Ciclooxigenase-2 e Fosfatase homóloga a tensina demonstraram maior imunoexpressão em pólipos pediculados (p = 0,009 e 0,002, respectivamente). Ciclooxigenase-2 expressou mais em pólipos maiores (p = 0,005). Fosfatidilinositol-3-cinase, Ciclooxigenase-2, Fosfatase homóloga a tensina e o marcador de proliferação expressaram mais em pólipos com displasia de alto grau (p = 0,031, 0,013, 0,044 e <0,001, respectivamente). Fosfatase homóloga a tensina marcou mais pólipos com displasia de alto grau que lesões serrilhadas (p = 0,044). Conclusões: A maior expressão do marcador de proliferação e Fosfatidilinositol-3-cinase à direita pode estar relacionada à carcinogênese do lado direito do cólon. Os resultados do marcador de proliferação, Ciclooxigenase-2 e Fosfatidilinositol-3-cinase podem ser associados à progressão dos pólipos para câncer. A expressão aumentada de Fosfatase homóloga a tensina sugere tentativa de controle do ciclo celular.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colonic Polyps/pathology , Ki-67 Antigen/immunology , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/immunology , Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/immunologyABSTRACT
Damage to the salivary glands is a well known sequela of radiotherapy in humans, while ionizing radiation penetrates the living matter, it gives up its energy by random interactions with atoms and molecules in its way resulting in the formation of reactive ions and free radicals that hits and damage cells and tissue. However, it was found that antioxidants can efficiently scavenge and even neutralize free radicals making them harmless. The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of two different antioxidant agents on irradiated rat submandibular salivary glands. Animals were divided into 4 groups. In group I Animals were used as control, in group II rats received fractionated gamma radiation in three sessions for 3 consecutive days. In group III silymarin [Silybum marianum] which is a medicinal plant was orally given one week before radiation, during radiation and one week after radiation. In group IV Ethanolic extract of brassica seeds [Oleracca Var Capitata] one of the cruciferous vegetables was orally administrated also one week before radiation, during radiation and one week post radiation. Histological study revealed that silymarin alleviated the manifestations of radiation injury in the salivary glands acini as compared with the untreated animals and also with those who received the ethanolic extract of brassica seeds. Immunohistochemically we observed a marked redistribution of Alfa smooth muscle actin as well as a reduction of the proliferating rate of acinar cells especially in untreated animals. Morphometric studies correlated well with the structural impairment manifested histologically and immunohistochemically. All used investigation tools confirmed that silymarin antioxidant agent can effectively ameliorate the submandibular salivary gland response to gamma radiation